News From Nigeria
Julius Berger to honour 795 staff with Long Service Awards
Leading conglomerate, Julius Berger Nigeria Plc is set to honour no fewer than 795 staff members with Long Service Awards in December. The 2024 edition of the annual event which holds December 6-7, 2024 will see individuals who have served the company for between 10 and 35 years appreciated with varying degrees of Awards across its projects sites nationwide.
In a recent statement, the top-notch construction company said that the Board of Directors and Management salute these dedicated, loyal and committed men and women of character. Adding that, the 795 employees have served for 35, 30, 25, 20, 15 and 10 years respectively, the statement concluded that, together with their colleagues at various sites across the country, these honoured employees have built the reputation of our great company and mad4e it an icon of expertise and excellence.
Yearly, Julius Berger celebrates a worker who has served meritoriously over the course of 10 years and above. The occasion is always marked with presentation of Awards, winning and dancing in celebration.
In 2021, workers numbering 838 were awarded prizes for their long service to the company, while 647 were honoured in 2022 and 603 staff celebrated last year.
In his remark ahead of the 2024 historic event, Julius Berger’s Head, Human Resources, Olorunfemi Ojomo said, for decades, this annual event has celebrated our staff members in recognition of their valuable contributions to the success of the Julius Berger Nigeria brand and, by extension, the growth of Nigeria’s infrastructure.
He continued; at JBN, we take immense pride in our workforce. As a company, we continually enhance our talent development initiatives, guided by the belief that our people are our greatest asset. Our commitment to talent management is comprehensive and deeply integrated into our business practices. And to our 2024 honourees, we extend our heartfelt appreciation. Thank you for your dedication and excellence.
. Lauds Oborevwori’s audacious projects in Delta
The Nigerian Institute of Public Relations (NIPR) has thumbed up top-notch engineering construction company, Julius Berger Nigeria Plc for consistently delivering top quality jobs nationwide.
The Institute also commended Governor Sheriff Oborevwori of Delta State for the construction of legacy projects across the state.
NIPR Vice President, Professor Emmanuel Dandaura gave the twin commendations when he led participants at the just ended NIPR’s 2024 Directors Conference and Retreat which held at Asaba, on a tour of ongoing legacy projects in the State including the Okpanam-Ibusa bypass, Ughelli-Asaba road dualization, ongoing construction of flyovers at Enerhen Junction, PTI Junction, DSC Roundabout in Warri and Effurun by Julius Berger and the Emevor-Orogun road project.
Speaking at PTI Junction, Effurun, Professor Dandaura who was supported by Council members of the Institute, Thelma Okoh and Paulinus Nsirim, said, “I am particularly happy with the quality of job that has been done. Yes, Julius Berger is delivering long-lasting, durable projects across the country. They argue that the contractor, Julius Berger is expensive; but when you look around the country you know that they deliver long lasting projects, and I think it is one of the reasons why Governor Oborevwori has invited them to the state.
He continued: “I encourage Julius Berger to sustain their corporate social responsibility so that the community can have a good impression of the company. We are very happy with what we have seen here today.”
According to him, we have driven about 128 kilometers since we left Asaba and you can see that the roads are good and inspite of that, work is still going on to ensure that where we need bridges they are being constructed and where we need to relay the road, it is being done.
Prof. Dandaura who was led on the projects tour by the State Commissioner for Information, Dr Ifeanyi Osuoza and other top government officials, called on the Federal and State governments to sustain the synergy of interventions on federal roads to ensure smooth movements across the country.
Hear him; “I want to believe too that the framework that has always existed between Federal Government and the states where they can do the projects and FG compensates, I believe that it still exists.
“I want to encourage the Federal Government to continue in that light because what the Delta State Government is doing in particular is to rescue the Federal Government.
“What is important is that both the Federal and State governments owe us Nigerians the responsibility to ensure that we can move from one place to the other in safety and also in motorable roads.
“This is what the Delta State Government is doing by standing in the gap and I commend Governor Oborevwori for this patriotic gesture.
The NIPR yearly Directors’ Conference and Retreat is a high-level event that brings together directors and heads of Public Relations from diverse sectors across Nigeria. Its main objective is to foster a platform for professional dialogue, capacity building and exchange of innovative ideas. The weeklong 2024 conference was themed; Leveraging Technology and Data-driven Insights for Digital Communication.
A chieftain of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Mrs Ibifuro Thompson Tatua, on Tuesday described Governor Monday Okpebholo as an indefatigable man with a heart for the people.
‘’I can attest to the general belief that Governor Monday Okpebholo is a listening governor, a quality that is rare in modern day leadership’’.
She also described him as ‘’ a firm believer in the Edo dream’’
‘’Governor Monday Okpebholo will face the business of governance squarely, rekindle the specific interests of the business community in Nigeria and the general interests of international community in the development of the state’’
The ruling party stalwart in a statement in Benin City labelled the emergence of Okpebholo ‘’ an act of God’’.
‘’Monday Okpebholo’s inauguration as the Executive Governor of Edo State has brought a big smile to the faces of all well-meaning citizens of Edo State and beyond’’
She said APC worked hard to secure victory in Edo State.
‘’Edolites spoke clearly this last election, and they expect Governor Okpebholo to get things done. The former governor of Edo State, Godwin Obaseki and the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) candidate, Asue Ighodalo, are suffering from hallucination’’
Tatua who is also the Chief Executive Officer of Boss Africa Magazine praised Edo people for voting APC in the last governorship election.
‘’Senator Monday Okpebholo’s mission as governor is simple: make Edo State the best state in the country. He will be adjudged as the best governor in the history of Edo State at the end of his first tenure. They will certainly appeal to him to continue’’
The statement listed selflessness, integrity and concern for the public good as key qualities of the governor.
‘’Edo State will experience tremendous progress. Governor Monday Okpebholo will restore investors’ confidence with transparent economic policies, ensure that security and prosperity return to Edo State’’
Ending the statement, Tatua said: ‘’ I warmly congratulate Governor Monday Okpebholo on his historic inauguration. I pray to God to protect and grant him sound health and divine wisdom to handle the affairs of Edo State’’
The Board of Directors of Julius Berger Nigeria Plc has appointed Dr Mohammed Indimi, OFR as a Non-Executive Director effective November 7, 2024.
According to a statement by Mrs Cecilia Madueke, Julius Berger’s Company Secretary issued same day, Indimi would bring his wealth of experience to bear on his function as Director as well as the future directions of the Group.
Dr. Mohammed Indimi, OFR: is the recipient of several doctorate degrees from various universities in Nigeria and globally, in various disciplines.
He is an entrepreneur and philanthropist whose business acumen spans, oil and gas and financial services. He was also conferred with the National Honour of the Officer of the Federal Republic (OFR) and with the Republic of Niger’s National Honour of Commandeur dans L’Ordre du Merite du Niger. He chairs the Boards of Oriental Energy Resources Limited and M & W Pump Nigeria Limited and is a Director of Jaiz Bank PLC. He was appointed to the Board of Julius Berger Nigeria Plc as a Non-Executive Director, with effect from November 7, 2024.
Julius Berger is Nigeria’s foremost engineering construction company offering holistic services on the planning, engineering, construction, operation and maintenace of buildings, infrastructure and industry projects.
PRESS RELEASE
Lagos State Governor, Mr. Babajide Sanwo-Olu, has expressed confidence that the new Chief Justice of Nigeria, Justice Kudirat Kekere-Ekun, will not see the judiciary as just an arm of government but as a gatekeeper of justice, protector of the rights of the citizens, and defender of the constitution.
The Governor said the tenure of Justice Kekere-Ekun as the Chief Justice of Nigeria will be marked by the sharp intellect, depth of insight, and unwavering commitment to the spirit of the law for which she built a lifelong reputation, noting that her ascension to the highest judicial office in Nigeria speaks powerfully to the boundless potential of women and to the fact that excellence in leadership knows no gender.
Governor Sanwo-Olu spoke on Saturday night during a Special Dinner held in honour of Justice Kekere-Ekun, the second female Chief Justice of Nigeria, at Lagos House, Marina.
The dinner was attended by Ogun State Governor, Prince Dapo Abiodun; First Lady of Lagos State, Dr. Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu; Lagos State Deputy Governor, Dr. Obafemi Hamzat; former Lagos State Governor and Minister of Works and Housing, Mr. Babatunde Fashola; Justice Kekere-Ekun’s husband, Mr. Akin Kekere-Ekun; Minister of Justice and. Attorney-General of the Federation, Prince Lateef Fagbemi; Justices of Supreme Court; Judges from Court of Appeal and federal and state high courts; legal practitioners; traditional and political leaders, among others.
Speaking during the event, Governor Sanwo-Olu said the dinner, where two Lagosians, Justice Habeeb Abiru of the Supreme Court and Justice Lawal Akapo of the Court of Appeal, were also celebrated for their recent elevation, is a celebration of the place of Lagos in the development of jurisprudence in Nigeria, noting that Lagos has produced many of the finest legal minds Nigeria has seen on the Bar and the Bench.
He said, “We celebrate not only your achievements but the significance of your leadership for every woman in Nigeria, for every young girl who dreams of a life of impact. Your ascension speaks powerfully to the boundless potential of women and to the fact that excellence in leadership knows no gender.
“Justice Kekere-Ekun ascension to the highest judicial office in the land tells every young girl, every aspiring woman leader in our nation, that they too can achieve the very best, that they can lead, decide, and redefine what is possible.
“At a time when Nigeria faces many challenges, your leadership of the judiciary is a steadying force and a comforting presence, one that will bring renewed strength to the pursuit of justice, equity, and fairness.
“Beyond the law, you have been a role model for many, embodying dignity, humility, and strength. As you carry forward this sacred duty, may you find strength in your roots, may you draw inspiration from the legacy of all who have come before you, may you raise judicial standards to unprecedented heights, and may you continue to lead with integrity and vision.
“I am pleased to note that Justice Kekere-Ekun has made judicial welfare one of the pillars of her leadership of the Supreme Court, and I have no doubt in my mind that the Lagos reform model will serve as a credible template for national judicial reform. We are indeed proud to have a daughter of Lagos spearheading what will no doubt come to be known as a golden age for the Nigerian judicial system.
“All of us who are in positions of leadership in the three arms of government, as we wine and dine tonight, let us strengthen our resolve to play our part in deepening collaboration, to strengthen this cherished democracy of ours.”
Speaking earlier, Justice Kekere-Ekun, who said she is deeply touched by the show of love by the Lagos State Government, commended Governor Sanwo-Olu and the previous governor for their commitment to the judiciary and infrastructure.
Justice Kekere-Ekun promised to uphold the rights of people and ensure equity and justice as the Chief Justice of Nigeria. “My recent appointment as the Chief Justice of Nigeria is a role I did not take likely. Indeed, I appreciate that I have a very heavy responsibility on my shoulders. It is a call to lead, inspire, and champion the integrity of our judiciary. I am committed to upholding the high standard of our judiciary, promoting judicial independence, and fostering an environment where the rule of law prevails,” she said.
Also speaking, Governor Dapo Abiodun, ex-Governor Babatunde Fashola, and other speakers praised Justice Kekere-Ekun for her courage and high level of integrity both at the Bar and the Bench, especially as a Judge at Magistrate Court, High Court, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court before being appointed as the Chief Justice of Nigeria.
SIGNED
GBOYEGA AKOSILE
SPECIAL ADVISER – MEDIA AND PUBLICITY
10 NOVEMBER 2024
STATE HOUSE PRESS STATEMENT
TIME FOR ATIKU ABUBAKAR TO END HIS GRAND ILLUSIONS AND FANTASIES
Since his defeat in the last election, former Vice President Atiku Abubakar has shown more interest in undermining President Bola Ahmed Tinubu than in addressing his party’s implosion. We suspect he is envious of Tinubu’s position—an office he has unsuccessfully sought six times.
It is perplexing that he would elevate his untested, hypothetical proposal, which Nigerians soundly rejected during the 2023 Presidential Election, and seek to present it as a superior alternative to the multi-faceted reform programmes implemented by the Tinubu administration. If his plan lacked popular appeal, he must acknowledge that merely repackaging it will not resolve the social and economic challenges his People’s Democratic Party (PDP) bequeathed after 16 years in power.
Atiku’s economic analysis demonstrates a significant misunderstanding of Nigeria’s realities. His narrative, “What We Would Have Done Differently,” indicates an inability to engage with the pressing economic realities being revitalised multidimensionally under President Tinubu’s leadership.
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What reforms would Atiku propose at the onset of his hypothetical and fabled presidency? While he suggests a consultation period upon assuming office, the reality is that the Nigerian economy requires immediate and decisive action. A leader must be prepared to tackle challenges from Day One, as President Tinubu has done.
Atiku, going further to accuse President Tinubu of “stealing his presidency,” exposed his sense of entitlement and his disconnect from the electorate. The truth is that Tinubu rightfully won the presidency, a position Atiku was simply unqualified for due to his arrogance, insensitivity to Nigeria’s diversity, and the decision to disregard his party’s power rotation arrangement between the North and the South after eight years of President Muhammadu Buhari.
Atiku’s idea of a consultation period upon entering office shows a troubling lack of awareness regarding the state of the economy, which was in dire need of urgent action. The Tinubu administration came prepared with a firm action plan to address the shortcomings that persisted during President Olusegun Obasanjo’s time when Atiku was vice president.
We can only speculate what detrimental impact Atiku’s proposed lengthy town hall and Village Square meetings would have had on Nigeria’s economy if he had been elected president and taken such an approach. The country needed a proactive leader such as Tinubu, who immediately set to work on addressing economic challenges rather than one who would have squandered precious time on consultations and a questionable privatisation agenda.
Atiku’s critiques of Tinubu’s presidency are mere harebrained propositions devoid of realistic alternatives. He must reckon with the decades of mismanaged economy inherited by the current administration, including exorbitant subsidy expenditures far exceeding government earnings from crude oil. As of mid-2023, the landing cost of fuel was between N500 and N600, while it was sold nationwide at an average of N200. The 2023 budget allocated N3.36 trillion for fuel subsidies until June 2023 against a projected N2.23 trillion in oil revenue for the year. The Nigerian state was on life support.
Instead of conjuring imaginary scenarios, we expect the former vice president to engage with these urgent realities.
The estimated N5.4 trillion savings from subsidy removal in 2024 are being actively directed toward infrastructure development and social intervention programmes, initiatives that will benefit all tiers of government and enhance Nigerians’ quality of life.
We expect Atiku to commend what the Tinubu administration has done concerning revenue generation for the Federation. Without factoring in oil sales, revenue proceeds generated by the Federal Inland Revenue Service almost doubled in the first half of 2024, compared with the level Tinubu met in 2023. The states and councils are more prosperous because of it, as many states have increased the minimum wage for their workers to between N70,000 and N85,000.
Atiku’s proposal to privatise the four government-owned refineries, which collectively can only meet a fraction of the nation’s daily fuel consumption when activated, lacks originality.
In 2007, investors were only willing to offer $160 million for 51% equity in the Port Harcourt Refinery, while the Kaduna Refinery had an offer of $102 million. According to industry experts and the late President Umar Musa Yar’Adua, Nigeria’s Head of State at the time, who cancelled the sale of the refineries by the Obasanjo-Atiku government, the offered bids were considered scrap value.
As vice president, Atiku oversaw the sale of the nation’s assets to private individuals and cronies at low prices. Today, most public enterprises Atiku sold have been stripped and become dead assets.
The model of farming the completely rehabilitated refineries to private sector managers at an agreed-upon rate of return to the government, as adopted by Tinubu’s government, is more practical and value-laden than selling our national patrimony to some private interests that are not technically capable of operating the refineries. The Tinubu administration focuses on revitalising these refineries while supporting modular refineries and the Dangote Refinery, which has greater capacity.
This approach will guarantee domestic production and stabilise retail prices by reducing foreign exchange challenges. It includes selling crude oil to the refineries in Naira, enabling potential cost reductions that could reflect in retail prices.
Regarding Atiku’s allegations of corruption within the NNPC, the fuel subsidy has historically been the leading corruption enabler in the state-owned oil company. President Tinubu’s removal of this subsidy eliminated the most significant incentive for corruption within the NNPC. During his eight-year tenure as Vice President, Atiku and his boss had an opportunity to address this issue but failed to make any significant reforms in the oil sector.
In any case, is it not ironic that an Atiku, who was entangled in corruption allegations, including one in which his wife was indicted and his business associate, former US Congressman William Jefferson, was jailed for 13 years, is now talking about corruption matters?
The suggestion of phased-out subsidy removal is an outdated approach that has historically led to fiscal challenges for countries like Indonesia, which Atiku references. Nigeria has gradually phased out subsidies since 1978, with numerous adjustments made. Fuel prices were adjusted 22 times between 1978 and 2020. Rather than pushing for unrealistic timelines, Atiku should recognise the necessity of President Tinubu’s bold reforms.
Notably, while Atiku peddles his economic fantasies, he has yet to denounce President Tinubu’s removal of the fuel subsidy because he knows that the reform was necessary and correct. We can only urge him to purge himself of the petty, derisive politics of a sore loser.
To alleviate the effect of the fuel subsidy removal on the very poor and vulnerable, the Tinubu administration has embarked on an active social intervention campaign involving cash transfers and the distribution of palliatives. So far, 20 million Nigerians are being targeted for direct cash transfers, an established social protection mechanism described as economically transformative by the World Bank and many development partners. The Tinubu administration has designed well-targeted social inclusion programmes, including student loans, consumer credits, and the Presidential CNG Initiative, all initiated within the first 12 months.
In his foreign exchange management proposal, Atiku declared that a fixed exchange rate system was out of the question. Yet his managed float proposal, another gradualist approach, is still the same as the old fixed exchange rate system, which stagnated the national economy by subsidising forex up to $1.5 billion monthly to a privileged few.
Atiku should remember that a managed float is also known as a dirty float because of its inherent flaws. The system combines elements of fixed and floating exchange rates. The CBN will still have to set the exchange rate and make it available to people and businesses. Access is not guaranteed to all, as it is now.
In conclusion, Atiku’s economic proposals fail to present a viable alternative to Tinubu’s decisive reforms. We encourage him to reassess his approach and repair his reputation as a statesman. The rejection of his proposals in the 2023 election indicates that Nigerians will be reluctant to entertain his future political ambitions.
President Tinubu remains focused on leading Nigeria toward a prosperous future and addressing our nation’s real challenges. Atiku Abubakar should abandon his politics of distraction and fantasies and focus on constructive discourse.
Bayo Onanuga
Special Adviser to the President
(Information & Strategy)
November 10, 2024
Stop Wike, governors from giving cars, houses to judges, SERAP tells Tinubu
Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has urged President Bola Tinubu to “stop the minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Mr Nyesom Wike and Nigeria’s 36 governors from usurping the authority and responsibilities of the National Judicial Council (NJC) and heads of court through giving cars and houses to judges.”
SERAP said, “Such practices are clearly antithetical to the constitutional principles of separation of powers, checks and balances and the rule of law, and may create the perception that the judiciary is subservient to the executive.”
“SERAP also urged him to “direct the Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice Mr Lateef Fagbemi, SAN, as a defender of public interest, to challenge in court the constitutionality and legality of the practices by members of the executive of giving cars and houses to judges in Abuja and across the states.”
In the open letter dated 9 November 2024 and signed by SERAP deputy director Kolawole Oluwadare, the organisation said: “Politicians ought to keep their hands off the judiciary and respect and protect its integrity and independence. Politicians must treat judges with dignity and respect.”
SERAP said, “The Nigerian Constitution and international standards make clear that the judiciary is neither subservient to the executive nor the legislature.”
The letter, copied to Ms. Margaret Satterthwaite, UN Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, read in part: “Undermining the fundamental principle of separation of powers risks constraining the ability of the judiciary to act as a check on the executive.”
“SERAP urges you to substantially improve funding for the judiciary to enhance their working conditions, welfare and pensions through existing constitutional arrangements and mechanisms, to uphold the independence and autonomy of the judiciary and to protect judges from executive interference.”
“Your government has the constitutional and international obligations to promote public confidence in the judiciary and safeguard the rule of law.”
“We would be grateful if the recommended measures are taken within 7 days of the receipt and/or publication of this letter. If we have not heard from you by then, SERAP shall consider appropriate legal actions to compel your government and the attorneys general of the 36 states to comply with our request in the public interest.”
“The reports that members of the executives in the FCT and across several states are giving cars and houses to judges appear to take place without following any constitutional or procedural process, which may have a chilling effect on the rule of law and access to justice and effective remedies.”
“Promoting the effective implementation of constitutional provisions and international standards on the financial autonomy of the judiciary would contribute towards ensuring the balance of power between the executive and the judiciary, and judicial integrity and independence.”
“Your government has the constitutional responsibility to ensure equality of arms in the relationship between the three branches of government: the judiciary, executive and legislature and to uphold the principles of separation of powers and checks and balances.”
“An independent judiciary, the essential guardian of the rule of law, is the linchpin of the scheme of checks and balances through which the separation of powers is assured. Members of the executive should not have any control over the judiciary’s funds.”
“The rule of law is the bedrock of a democratic society. It is the only basis upon which individuals, private corporations, public bodies and the executive can order their lives and activities. And if the rule of law is to be upheld it is essential that there should be an independent judiciary.”
“Because it is the executive that exercises the power of the State and because it is the executive, in one form or another, that is the most frequent litigator in the courts, it is from executive pressure that judges require particularly to be protected.”
“SERAP urges you to direct Mr Fagbemi to ensure full compliance by Mr Wike and the 36 state governors with the provisions of sections 81(3) and 121(3)(a)-(h) of the Nigerian Constitution 1999 [as amended], and to respect and protect judicial integrity and independence.”
“SERAP urges you to ensure that the Federal Executive Council (FEC) under your leadership stops the practice of approving construction of houses for judges, as the exercise of such responsibility is entirely inconsistent and incompatible with the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution and the country’s international obligations.”
“According to reports, the Federal Executive Council (FEC) recently approved the construction of 40 houses in Abuja for judges of the Federal High Court and the Court of Appeal.”
“Several of Nigeria’s 36 state governors including Abia, Benue, Cross River, Delta, Imo, Kogi, Lagos, Oyo, Osun, and Rivers also reportedly routinely engage in the practices of giving cars and houses to judges in their states.”
“Section 121(3)(b) of the Nigerian Constitution provides that, ‘Any amount standing to the credit of the – (b) Judiciary in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the State shall be paid directly to the heads of the courts concerned.’”
“Under section 121(4) a Supplementary Appropriation Bill shall be passed if the amount appropriated by the Appropriation Law for the judiciary is insufficient; or a need has arisen for expenditure directly to the judiciary.”
“Section 81(3) of the Nigerian Constitution contains similar provisions, stating that ‘The amount standing to the credit of the – (c) Judiciary in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Federation shall be paid directly to the National Judicial Council for disbursement to the heads of the courts’ for the Federation and the States.”
“Similarly, the UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary provides in article 1 that, ‘It is the duty of all governmental and other institutions to respect and observe the independence of the judiciary.’”
“The Basic Principle in article 2 obligates states including Nigeria to protect the judiciary from ‘any restrictions, improper influences, inducements, pressures, threats or interferences, direct or indirect, from any quarter or for any reason.’”
“Under article 7, ‘It is the duty of each Member State to provide adequate resources to enable the judiciary to properly perform its functions.’”
“Judicial independence and autonomy means that judges must be appropriately remunerated commensurate with their special responsibilities, have adequate support staff and equipment, and adequate welfare and pension provisions.”
“SERAP notes that while exercising his powers under section 5 of the Nigerian Constitution former president Mohammadu Buhari signed Executive Order No.10 of 2020, to ensure that the judicial arms of government in the 36 states of the federation no longer have to wait on state governors for funds.”
“Specifically, the Executive Order states that allocation of appropriated funds to the state judiciary in the state appropriation laws in their annual budget shall be a charge upon the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the State, as a First Line Charge.”
Kolawole Oluwadare
SERAP Deputy Director
10/11/2024
Lagos, Nigeria
Emails: info@serap-nigeria.org; news@serap-nigeria.org
Twitter: @SERAPNigeria
Website: www.serap-nigeria.org
For more information or to request an interview, please contact us on: +2348160537202
Top leaders of the Okpe Nation on Wednesday narrated how enemies of Okpe Kingdom infiltrated the Okpe Union.
They also clarified that there was nowhere in the Okpe Union Constitution which suggests one man rule and dissolution of the National Executive Committee by His Royal Majesty.
His Royal Majesty stunned Nigerians when he unilaterally dissolved the National Executive Committee of the Okpe Union in 2020.
‘’On the 3rd of October, 2020, for reasons best known to HRM Orhue I, Orodje of Okpe, he invited some leaders of the Okpe Union (under the leadership of Okakuro Robert Onome) to the Orodje’s palace where he read out a declaration that he was dissolving the Executive Council of the Okpe Union and imposing his own Interim Executive Committee on the union and banning all members of the then executive committee from getting involved in any leadership position of the Okpe Union for two years. Of the then membership of the National Executive Council of the Okpe Union, only Okakuro Robert Onome accepted the dissolution declaration by picking up the microphone and pledging his support for the Imposed Interim executive committee.
In a communiqué from an emergency meeting of the National Executive Council (NEC) of the Okpe Union on the approach of the High Court, Orerokpe by a member of the Delta State Advisory and Peace Building Council, Okakuro Robert Onome to declare him as President General of the Okpe Union, the leaders maintained that Robert Onome abdicated the Office of President General.
‘’By the operation of the Okpe Union Constitution, the next in hierarchy, Mr. Patrick Akpotor assumed the office of Acting President General and led the EXCO to complete the tenure after the General Assembly (the highest decision making organ of the union, held on the 14th of November, 2020), set up an Electoral Committee that conducted elections which the Prof. Igho Natufe led EXCO became elected as the National Executive Council of the Okpe Union on the 15th of May, 2021’’.
The communiqué signed by Prof. Igho Natufe, President General, Okpe Union (Worldwide), Barrister Kingsley Ehensiri Akpederin, General Secretary, Okpe Union (Worldwide) and Mrs. Atarhe Abuh, National Publicity Secretary, Okpe Union (Worldwide) listed those spoiling for anarchy.
‘’It took over a year for the Palace of the Orodje and a group led by Okakuro Joseph Aboze to whom the Illegal Interim EXCO handed over, to comply with the judgement of the Federal High Court. The same group of persons who orchestrated the previous destabilization of the Okpe Union have put together another plot with an approach to the State High Court, Orerokpe requesting the court to interpret the Federal High Court, Lagos Judgement for the Prof. Igho Natufe Executive Committee of the Okpe Union and declare former President General, Okakuro Robert Onome as President General’’.
The leaders underscored the ascendancy of Patrick Akpotor to the Okpe Union’s Presidency, breach of constitutionality, attempts by eminent Okpe nationals to mediate and recommend to the palace not to interfere with the administration of the Okpe Union and the Federal High Court, Lagos suit by the elected National Executive Council led by Prof. Igho Natufe.
‘’In the suit filed by Okakuro Robert Onome (Suit No HOR/M/2/2024), the Orerokpe High Court is being asked to interpret the Judgment of the Federal High Court which was delivered on the 19th of January 2023 in the suit filed by the Prof. Igho Natufe led National Executive Council of the Okpe Union in May 2022 (Suit No FHC/L/CS/603/2022). The Federal High Court, Lagos gave victory to the elected Prof. Igho Natufe led NEC. Specifically, the judge granted all the reliefs sought which include declaration that the purported dissolution of the elected National Executive Council of Okpe Union by HRM Orhue I, Orodje of Okpe was illegal and of no effect whatsoever, nullification of the Illegal Interim Executive Committee headed by Prof. Emrobome Idolor, and an order of perpetual injunction restraining the Imposed Interim, their privies and all those who derived authority from their actions from acting in any capacity in the Okpe Union’’.
They said since Robert Onome abdicated the Office of President General, he is either trailing one controversy or vice versa.
‘’Okakuro Robert Onome and some others teamed up with the Illegal Interim EXCO to approach the Corporate Affairs Commission to appoint a Board of Trustees for the Okpe Union as the previous trustees had all passed on. The legitimate NEC led by Prof. Igho Natufe had already commenced the process of regularising the affairs of the union with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) which included the process of appointing trustees with an application to the Federal High Court, Lagos. The Illegal Interim funded heavily by some Palace chiefs got ahead through the backdoor and surreptitiously procured a new Certificate of Registration with a Board of Trustees that included Okakuro Robert Onome. The elected NEC was however steadfast with the judicial redress believing that the wheel of justice grinds slowly but surely.
Wondering whether they are in a barbaric republic where all barbaric actions must be accepted as the norm, the prominent Okpe leaders listed steps taken to address the wacky ways of individuals and groups working to destabilize the Okpe Union. .
‘’To ensure that the Board of Trustees and Certificate procured through the backdoor was not employed to further destabilize the Okpe Union, the court validated Prof. Igho Natufe Executive Committee had to approach the Federal High Court, Abuja (which was earlier used by the Illegal Interim EXCO to legalise their backdoor Board of Trustees/Certificate) so that the same court would vacate the earlier empowering order and nullify the trustees and certificate. On the 30th of April 2024, the Federal High Court, Abuja gave its Ruling (Suit No.FHC/ABJ/CS/395) and nullified the Board of Trustees/Certificate and ordered the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) to expunge them (including Okakuro Robert Onome) from the records of the Okpe Union with CAC.
They said the good people of Okpe Kingdom have continued to wonder how any person who wished Okpe Kingdom well would approach the High Court, Orerokpe to declare him as President General of the Okpe Union after abdicating the office.
‘’The case is res judicata as it has already been decided by a court of competent jurisdiction. A court of coordinate jurisdiction cannot sit on appeal or entertain any facts different from the facts that were laid before the court that had given the judgement. For the sake of emphasis, in paragraph 17&18 of the Affidavit with which the Federal High Court, Lagos gave the Okpe Union Autonomy Judgement on the 19th of January 2023, it was clearly averred that Prof. Igho Natufe was the elected President General whose executive committee instituted the suit. Okakuro Robert Onome is a stranger to that case and can therefore not claim the benefit of a suit that he had battled against, along with the Illegal Interim executive committee. But in any case, the previous tenure which began in November 2016 (with a four-year tenure) was a collective one of the executive committee and not that of one man’’.
The leaders described the Orerokpe High Court Suit as unnecessary since those behind it know the position of the law on the matter.
‘’The Okpe Union National Executive Committee (NEC) is in possession of videos of Robert Onome accompanying the nullified Illegal Interim executive committee in press conferences and also in possession of the audio recording of the 3rd of October 2020 event in which he abdicated office. For reasons of preserving the integrity of revered institutions, NEC has resolved not to let the latter one out. NEC shall recommend to the next General Assembly of the Okpe Union the expunging of the name of Okakuro Robert Onome from the list of former officials of the Okpe Union where he fails to accede to this advice’’.
HENRY EBIRERI BIDS FAREWELL TO LATE YOUNGER BROTHER, OYIBO
Political communication expert, Henry Ovie Ebireri, on Saturday lamented the death of his younger brother, Blessing-Kelly Oyibo Ebireri.
He also described the past ten years as frightening and confusing.
Disaster struck the family of the African Journalist last week. Blessing-Kelly Oyibo Ebireri succumbed to death.
‘’The cold hand of death has taken Blessing Oyibo Ebireri and left a void in our family’’
A quiet-spoken and deeply religious man, Blessing Ebireri was buried on Saturday in Igbimidaka, Sapele Local Government Area.
The renowned journalist and political strategist in a statement in Lagos said he was weakened by the demise of his late father and mother, three sisters and five brothers.
‘’I was still grieving for my eldest brother, Wilson Santa Ebireri and then to hear such news’’
The family lost Festus Omajemite Ebireri, Veronica Ikpera Ebireri, Mrs Victoria Unubreme, Lamonde Ebireri and Victor Okpako Ebireri in the last two decades.
The family also lost Mrs Beauty Ejirhomu, Tony Ebireri, Florence Ufuoma Ebireri, Wilson Ebireri and Oyibo Ebireri
‘’I do not expect death to take away my relatives from me in quick succession’’ traumatized Henry Ovie Ebireri said.
The statement emphasised the late Blessing Ebireri’s humility, capacity for love and his perception of human nature.
Born and educated in Sapele, Blessing Oyibo Ebireri pursued two very different occupations: One as a furniture maker and the other as a foodstuff distributor.
‘’Since he came from a well-to-do family, there was no pressing financial need for him to get down to business on leaving college. Consequently, he spent several years travelling to Northern Nigeria and bringing soup ingredients, edible oils, rice and beans to Sapele and Warri’’
STATE HOUSE PRESS STATEMENT
Since his defeat in the last election, former Vice President Atiku Abubakar has shown more interest in undermining President Bola Ahmed Tinubu than in addressing his party’s implosion. We suspect he is envious of Tinubu’s position—an office he has unsuccessfully sought six times.
It is perplexing that he would elevate his untested, hypothetical proposal, which Nigerians soundly rejected during the 2023 Presidential Election, and seek to present it as a superior alternative to the multi-faceted reform programmes implemented by the Tinubu administration. If his plan lacked popular appeal, he must acknowledge that merely repackaging it will not resolve the social and economic challenges his People’s Democratic Party (PDP) bequeathed after 16 years in power.
Atiku’s economic analysis demonstrates a significant misunderstanding of Nigeria’s realities. His narrative, “What We Would Have Done Differently,” indicates an inability to engage with the pressing economic realities being revitalised multidimensionally under President Tinubu’s leadership.
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What reforms would Atiku propose at the onset of his hypothetical and fabled presidency? While he suggests a consultation period upon assuming office, the reality is that the Nigerian economy requires immediate and decisive action. A leader must be prepared to tackle challenges from Day One, as President Tinubu has done.
Atiku, going further to accuse President Tinubu of “stealing his presidency,” exposed his sense of entitlement and his disconnect from the electorate. The truth is that Tinubu rightfully won the presidency, a position Atiku was simply unqualified for due to his arrogance, insensitivity to Nigeria’s diversity, and the decision to disregard his party’s power rotation arrangement between the North and the South after eight years of President Muhammadu Buhari.
Atiku’s idea of a consultation period upon entering office shows a troubling lack of awareness regarding the state of the economy, which was in dire need of urgent action. The Tinubu administration came prepared with a firm action plan to address the shortcomings that persisted during President Olusegun Obasanjo’s time when Atiku was vice president.
We can only speculate what detrimental impact Atiku’s proposed lengthy town hall and Village Square meetings would have had on Nigeria’s economy if he had been elected president and taken such an approach. The country needed a proactive leader such as Tinubu, who immediately set to work on addressing economic challenges rather than one who would have squandered precious time on consultations and a questionable privatisation agenda.
Atiku’s critiques of Tinubu’s presidency are mere harebrained propositions devoid of realistic alternatives. He must reckon with the decades of mismanaged economy inherited by the current administration, including exorbitant subsidy expenditures far exceeding government earnings from crude oil. As of mid-2023, the landing cost of fuel was between N500 and N600, while it was sold nationwide at an average of N200. The 2023 budget allocated N3.36 trillion for fuel subsidies until June 2023 against a projected N2.23 trillion in oil revenue for the year. The Nigerian state was on life support.
Instead of conjuring imaginary scenarios, we expect the former vice president to engage with these urgent realities.
The estimated N5.4 trillion savings from subsidy removal in 2024 are being actively directed toward infrastructure development and social intervention programmes, initiatives that will benefit all tiers of government and enhance Nigerians’ quality of life.
We expect Atiku to commend what the Tinubu administration has done concerning revenue generation for the Federation. Without factoring in oil sales, revenue proceeds generated by the Federal Inland Revenue Service almost doubled in the first half of 2024, compared with the level Tinubu met in 2023. The states and councils are more prosperous because of it, as many states have increased the minimum wage for their workers to between N70,000 and N85,000.
Atiku’s proposal to privatise the four government-owned refineries, which collectively can only meet a fraction of the nation’s daily fuel consumption when activated, lacks originality.
In 2007, investors were only willing to offer $160 million for 51% equity in the Port Harcourt Refinery, while the Kaduna Refinery had an offer of $102 million. According to industry experts and the late President Umar Musa Yar’Adua, Nigeria’s Head of State at the time, who cancelled the sale of the refineries by the Obasanjo-Atiku government, the offered bids were considered scrap value.
As vice president, Atiku oversaw the sale of the nation’s assets to private individuals and cronies at low prices. Today, most public enterprises Atiku sold have been stripped and become dead assets.
The model of farming the completely rehabilitated refineries to private sector managers at an agreed-upon rate of return to the government, as adopted by Tinubu’s government, is more practical and value-laden than selling our national patrimony to some private interests that are not technically capable of operating the refineries. The Tinubu administration focuses on revitalising these refineries while supporting modular refineries and the Dangote Refinery, which has greater capacity.
This approach will guarantee domestic production and stabilise retail prices by reducing foreign exchange challenges. It includes selling crude oil to the refineries in Naira, enabling potential cost reductions that could reflect in retail prices.
Regarding Atiku’s allegations of corruption within the NNPC, the fuel subsidy has historically been the leading corruption enabler in the state-owned oil company. President Tinubu’s removal of this subsidy eliminated the most significant incentive for corruption within the NNPC. During his eight-year tenure as Vice President, Atiku and his boss had an opportunity to address this issue but failed to make any significant reforms in the oil sector.
In any case, is it not ironic that an Atiku, who was entangled in corruption allegations, including one in which his wife was indicted and his business associate, former US Congressman William Jefferson, was jailed for 13 years, is now talking about corruption matters?
The suggestion of phased-out subsidy removal is an outdated approach that has historically led to fiscal challenges for countries like Indonesia, which Atiku references. Nigeria has gradually phased out subsidies since 1978, with numerous adjustments made. Fuel prices were adjusted 22 times between 1978 and 2020. Rather than pushing for unrealistic timelines, Atiku should recognise the necessity of President Tinubu’s bold reforms.
Notably, while Atiku peddles his economic fantasies, he has yet to denounce President Tinubu’s removal of the fuel subsidy because he knows that the reform was necessary and correct. We can only urge him to purge himself of the petty, derisive politics of a sore loser.
To alleviate the effect of the fuel subsidy removal on the very poor and vulnerable, the Tinubu administration has embarked on an active social intervention campaign involving cash transfers and the distribution of palliatives. So far, 20 million Nigerians are being targeted for direct cash transfers, an established social protection mechanism described as economically transformative by the World Bank and many development partners. The Tinubu administration has designed well-targeted social inclusion programmes, including student loans, consumer credits, and the Presidential CNG Initiative, all initiated within the first 12 months.
In his foreign exchange management proposal, Atiku declared that a fixed exchange rate system was out of the question. Yet his managed float proposal, another gradualist approach, is still the same as the old fixed exchange rate system, which stagnated the national economy by subsidising forex up to $1.5 billion monthly to a privileged few.
Atiku should remember that a managed float is also known as a dirty float because of its inherent flaws. The system combines elements of fixed and floating exchange rates. The CBN will still have to set the exchange rate and make it available to people and businesses. Access is not guaranteed to all, as it is now.
In conclusion, Atiku’s economic proposals fail to present a viable alternative to Tinubu’s decisive reforms. We encourage him to reassess his approach and repair his reputation as a statesman. The rejection of his proposals in the 2023 election indicates that Nigerians will be reluctant to entertain his future political ambitions.
President Tinubu remains focused on leading Nigeria toward a prosperous future and addressing our nation’s real challenges. Atiku Abubakar should abandon his politics of distraction and fantasies and focus on constructive discourse.
Bayo Onanuga
Special Adviser to the President
(Information & Strategy)
November 10, 2024
Stop Wike, governors from giving cars, houses to judges, SERAP tells Tinubu
Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has urged President Bola Tinubu to “stop the minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Mr Nyesom Wike and Nigeria’s 36 governors from usurping the authority and responsibilities of the National Judicial Council (NJC) and heads of court through giving cars and houses to judges.”
SERAP said, “Such practices are clearly antithetical to the constitutional principles of separation of powers, checks and balances and the rule of law, and may create the perception that the judiciary is subservient to the executive.”
“SERAP also urged him to “direct the Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice Mr Lateef Fagbemi, SAN, as a defender of public interest, to challenge in court the constitutionality and legality of the practices by members of the executive of giving cars and houses to judges in Abuja and across the states.”
In the open letter dated 9 November 2024 and signed by SERAP deputy director Kolawole Oluwadare, the organisation said: “Politicians ought to keep their hands off the judiciary and respect and protect its integrity and independence. Politicians must treat judges with dignity and respect.”
SERAP said, “The Nigerian Constitution and international standards make clear that the judiciary is neither subservient to the executive nor the legislature.”
The letter, copied to Ms. Margaret Satterthwaite, UN Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, read in part: “Undermining the fundamental principle of separation of powers risks constraining the ability of the judiciary to act as a check on the executive.”
“SERAP urges you to substantially improve funding for the judiciary to enhance their working conditions, welfare and pensions through existing constitutional arrangements and mechanisms, to uphold the independence and autonomy of the judiciary and to protect judges from executive interference.”
“Your government has the constitutional and international obligations to promote public confidence in the judiciary and safeguard the rule of law.”
“We would be grateful if the recommended measures are taken within 7 days of the receipt and/or publication of this letter. If we have not heard from you by then, SERAP shall consider appropriate legal actions to compel your government and the attorneys general of the 36 states to comply with our request in the public interest.”
“The reports that members of the executives in the FCT and across several states are giving cars and houses to judges appear to take place without following any constitutional or procedural process, which may have a chilling effect on the rule of law and access to justice and effective remedies.”
“Promoting the effective implementation of constitutional provisions and international standards on the financial autonomy of the judiciary would contribute towards ensuring the balance of power between the executive and the judiciary, and judicial integrity and independence.”
“Your government has the constitutional responsibility to ensure equality of arms in the relationship between the three branches of government: the judiciary, executive and legislature and to uphold the principles of separation of powers and checks and balances.”
“An independent judiciary, the essential guardian of the rule of law, is the linchpin of the scheme of checks and balances through which the separation of powers is assured. Members of the executive should not have any control over the judiciary’s funds.”
“The rule of law is the bedrock of a democratic society. It is the only basis upon which individuals, private corporations, public bodies and the executive can order their lives and activities. And if the rule of law is to be upheld it is essential that there should be an independent judiciary.”
“Because it is the executive that exercises the power of the State and because it is the executive, in one form or another, that is the most frequent litigator in the courts, it is from executive pressure that judges require particularly to be protected.”
“SERAP urges you to direct Mr Fagbemi to ensure full compliance by Mr Wike and the 36 state governors with the provisions of sections 81(3) and 121(3)(a)-(h) of the Nigerian Constitution 1999 [as amended], and to respect and protect judicial integrity and independence.”
“SERAP urges you to ensure that the Federal Executive Council (FEC) under your leadership stops the practice of approving construction of houses for judges, as the exercise of such responsibility is entirely inconsistent and incompatible with the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution and the country’s international obligations.”
“According to reports, the Federal Executive Council (FEC) recently approved the construction of 40 houses in Abuja for judges of the Federal High Court and the Court of Appeal.”
“Several of Nigeria’s 36 state governors including Abia, Benue, Cross River, Delta, Imo, Kogi, Lagos, Oyo, Osun, and Rivers also reportedly routinely engage in the practices of giving cars and houses to judges in their states.”
“Section 121(3)(b) of the Nigerian Constitution provides that, ‘Any amount standing to the credit of the – (b) Judiciary in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the State shall be paid directly to the heads of the courts concerned.’”
“Under section 121(4) a Supplementary Appropriation Bill shall be passed if the amount appropriated by the Appropriation Law for the judiciary is insufficient; or a need has arisen for expenditure directly to the judiciary.”
“Section 81(3) of the Nigerian Constitution contains similar provisions, stating that ‘The amount standing to the credit of the – (c) Judiciary in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Federation shall be paid directly to the National Judicial Council for disbursement to the heads of the courts’ for the Federation and the States.”
“Similarly, the UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary provides in article 1 that, ‘It is the duty of all governmental and other institutions to respect and observe the independence of the judiciary.’”
“The Basic Principle in article 2 obligates states including Nigeria to protect the judiciary from ‘any restrictions, improper influences, inducements, pressures, threats or interferences, direct or indirect, from any quarter or for any reason.’”
“Under article 7, ‘It is the duty of each Member State to provide adequate resources to enable the judiciary to properly perform its functions.’”
“Judicial independence and autonomy means that judges must be appropriately remunerated commensurate with their special responsibilities, have adequate support staff and equipment, and adequate welfare and pension provisions.”
“SERAP notes that while exercising his powers under section 5 of the Nigerian Constitution former president Mohammadu Buhari signed Executive Order No.10 of 2020, to ensure that the judicial arms of government in the 36 states of the federation no longer have to wait on state governors for funds.”
“Specifically, the Executive Order states that allocation of appropriated funds to the state judiciary in the state appropriation laws in their annual budget shall be a charge upon the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the State, as a First Line Charge.”
Kolawole Oluwadare
SERAP Deputy Director
10/11/2024
Lagos, Nigeria
Emails: info@serap-nigeria.org; news@serap-nigeria.org
Twitter: @SERAPNigeria
Website: www.serap-nigeria.org
For more information or to request an interview, please contact us on: +2348160537202
. Art and Culture Minister, Musawa: Fantastic; AFP has again shone like a million stars in the furniture design sector
. The stand glows and it’s eye-catching, says, Olori Atuwatse III
Africa’s most prestigious premier design festival, Design Week Lagos, (DWL), recently returned to global stage in Lagos when no fewer than 1000 stakeholders featured in the annual event that saw Nigeria’s furniture production pride, Julius Berger-AFP dazzle visitors with its cutting-edge products.
The event which held from October 23rd to October 27th with the theme ‘’ The Role of Design in Economic Evolution’’ also had leading state-of-the-art furniture producer, Julius Berger-AFP showcasing the latest in its fine collection of innovative and scintillating products.
The General Manager, Oliver Cohnen did not mince words in describing the essence of AFP’s participation at the event thus: since 1991 when AFP commenced operation in this sector, we have become the largest furniture manufacturer in West Africa. As an integral part of Julius Berger’s value chain, we have always been guided by leading standards in quality and innovation using imported and locally sourced materials in combination with the latest modern machinery and technology to achieve the best results.
Saying that AFP’s portfolio includes, loose furniture, kitchen cabinetry, internal doors, wardrobes, wall panels and wooden floors as well designing bespoke residential spaces, corporate spaces, hospitality and retail, Cohnen added, we are here at this 2024 Design Week Lagos show to further our established goal of announcing our new innovative furniture products in all the class already said. They are products of the consistent training we give our interior architects, technicians and carpenters as well as our interns from within Nigeria and around the world.
Nigeria’s Art, Culture and Creative Economy minister, Hannatu Musawa hailed AFP’s products saying, they are as fantastic and shining like a million stars. I know AFP very well. They furnished my kitchen years back and they did an excellent job. Till today, I still love what I see each time I enter my kitchen. AFP, please, shine on and never slack, the minister added.
A premium visitor to the AFP stand was the Queen of the Warri Kingdom and wife of Ogiame Atuwatse III, current ruler of the Kingdom of Warri, and the 21st Olu of Warri, Ivie Atuwatse. She described the furniture range on display as glowing, radiant and eye-catching. She added: African design is the now design and a worthy catalyst for transformation; and what I have seen here at AFP tells it all.
Organiser of the week-long show, Titi Ogufere added her voice to the Queen’s. According to her, this is Nigeria’s largest and most prestigious furniture and furnishings trade event showcasing the latest furniture and designs from around Nigeria. We are now experiencing the opulence and elegance of the 2024 Made by Design Show; and AFP has always been a beautiful bride in our Design Week Shows year-in and year-out. We commend them for their versatility and their top-tier brands
The Managing Director of Novacolor Italian Nigeria, Okwani Chinonso Joseph was all smiles when he supported Ogufere saying, I am a furniture person too. But I give it to AFP; their range is as good as perfect. They capture the very essence of interior design. And the selection of curated cutting-edge furniture designs here speaks volumes.
Apart from Olori Atunwase III, other guests at the event include, the Special Assistant to Vice President on Creative and Digital Economy, Fegho Umunugbo, Managing Director of specialist industrial and domestic furnishings, Mustapha, Olorunnimbe.
DWL has emerged as a key platform for showcasing cutting-edge designs from African innovators and fostering global partnerships that drive industrial growth.
Team Julius Berger-AFP at the event include, Oliver Cohnen, Norbert Kossmann, Angel Udoh, George Mihali, Khadija Zarma, Glory Egharevba, Shola Kudaisi, Mirabel Egbonkhan, Mobolaji Ogunyemi, Emmanuel Isibor and Sascha Ziaja of Excellence Centre, among others.